Vehicle Industry Registration Procedures Manual (CA Dealer Handbook)

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The California DMV’s Vehicle Industry Registration Procedures (VIRP) Manual — commonly known as the Dealer Handbook — is the official reference for vehicle dealers, registration services, dismantlers, and other industry professionals. It provides step-by-step guidance on processing registrations, transfers, bonds, plates, and related transactions. Once distributed as a printed handbook, this resource is now maintained online as a searchable, regularly updated manual.

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Introduction

Orientation to the Vehicle Industry Registration Procedures (VIRP) Manual: who uses it (dealers, dismantlers, verifiers, registration services), how it’s updated, and how to quickly find authoritative steps for California title/registration work.

Chapter 1: General Registration Information

Baseline rules that make or break a file: correct ownership and “true full name,” bill of sale acceptability, signatures/POA, VIN verification and plate assignments, branded titles, document legibility/photocopies, mail handling, and common rejection traps.

Chapter 2: General Information – Licensees

Who can legally do what: definitions and requirements for dealer/autobroker/salesperson, dismantler, manufacturer/distributor/lessor-retailer, transporters and verifiers, plus plate privileges, ROS book controls, and when an occupational license isn’t required.

Chapter 3: Collection and Payment of Fees and Penalties

How to compute and collect DMV fees the way auditors expect: registration/VLF/weight/CHP fees, city/county add-ons, penalty date logic, PNO/PNO-REG 102 usage, dealer document/e-file fees, and correction paths when money was calculated wrong.

Chapter 4: Use Tax

When California use tax applies on vehicles/vessels, what the taxable basis includes, credits for tax paid elsewhere, common exemptions, refund scenarios, and edge cases (out-of-country purchases, partial exemptions) that trip up deals.

Chapter 5: Odometer Mileage Reporting

The disclosure rules and forms that protect you from rollback liability: when mileage is required, auction/lease/repossession handling, title notation specifics, secure POA use, and how to fix reporting errors without creating fraud signals.

Chapter 6: New Vehicles Sold by California Dealers

End-to-end new-car paperwork: using the MCO/MSO, alterations before first registration, charitable/export/private-property sales, special bodies (park trailers/RVs), remanufactured status, and dealer repos on never-registered units.

Chapter 7: Miscellaneous Originals

How to originate titles for non-standard assets: autoettes, buses/camp trailers/golf carts/forklifts, specially constructed (SPCNS)/kit vehicles, government surplus, remanufactured vehicles, and records missing in DMV archives.

Chapter 8: Report of Sale – Used Vehicles

Making a used-vehicle ROS bulletproof: completing REG 51 (including DSAP e-signatures), correcting/voiding/distributing copies, tax handling, export/out-of-state/IRP operator scenarios, and “in lieu of” processes that keep deliveries on time.

Chapter 9: Wholesale Report of Sale

Dealer-to-dealer/auction transactions the right way: REG 396/398 completion, distribution, voids and rollbacks, and the specific reporting responsibilities at wholesale that differ from retail deals.

Chapter 10: Renewals

This chapter covers how to renew California vehicle registration, what to do when notices or stickers go missing, and the many special cases that can affect timing and fees (PNO status, heavy‑duty emissions, disabled placards, FHVUT, late fees, etc.). It also explains evidence requirements and how to handle corrections, penalties, and unusual plate situations.

Chapter 11: Transfers

These procedures explain how ownership is transferred in California—dealer and private sales, court and estate actions, liens, repossessions, rollbacks, trust or TOD changes, and more. You’ll find what documents are required, who must sign, and how to resolve common issues like errors, missing titles, or vehicles with violations on the record.

Chapter 12: Nonresident Vehicles

Use this chapter when bringing an out‑of‑state vehicle into California or working with nonresident owners. It explains emissions certification, military exemptions, interstate/IRP conversions, evidence of ownership, fee‑due dates, reciprocity, and related edge cases like direct imports and non‑title registrations.

Chapter 13: Commercial Vehicles

Guidance for commercial vehicle definitions, plate conversions, weight codes and fees (CVRA), taxes, permits, and specialty equipment. It also walks through exceptions, credits, and paperwork for fleets, housecars, mobile cranes, pickups with campers, and more.

Chapter 14: Permanent Trailer Identification (PTI)

PTI streamlines trailer registration by issuing permanent ID and requiring a maintenance service fee or PNO every five years. This chapter explains who qualifies, forms like REG 4017, title options, and which trailer types are excluded.

Chapter 15: Off-Highway Vehicles

Registration and identification for OHVs, including dual/on‑highway conversions, dealer/dismantler situations, fees and penalties, verification, engine changes, and special permits. It also covers nonresident operation and unique OHV plate/decals.

Chapter 16: Special Equipment

Covers Special Equipment (SE) identification plates and title/transfer rules for industrial or modular mover equipment. Use it to determine when SE applies, which codes govern issuance, and how to process dealer/manufacturer plate scenarios.

Chapter 17: International Registration Plan (IRP)

Explains apportioned registration for interstate carriers, including what counts as international traffic, how IRP interacts with California registration, and when/how to convert to regular registration.

Chapter 18: Lien Sales – Abandoned – Abated Vehicles

How to conduct or respond to vehicle and vessel lien sales in California—notice and opposition steps, low‑value vs. higher‑value rules, abatement procedures, storage limits, post‑storage hearings, and distribution of sale proceeds.

Chapter 19: Salvage – Nonrepairable – Junk Vehicles

How to title and process vehicles that are totaled, dismantled, junked, or revived. It includes definitions, salvage/nonrepairable certificates, owner retention, revived junk/salvage, and special handling when prior fees or public‑agency sales are involved.

Chapter 20: Replacements and Substitutes

Use this section when titles, plates, stickers, cards, or placards are lost, damaged, stolen, or need substitution. It includes DP/Disabled Veteran items, special plates, CVRA decals, and when notarization or specific forms are required.

Chapter 21: Special Plates

All plate programs beyond standard issue: DP and DV plates/placards, historical and legacy plates, veterans and organizations, personalized configuration rules, press photographer, livery, Kids/Arts/Ag/Whale Tail/Tahoe/Yosemite, and more—plus how to assign, transfer, or retain them.

Chapter 22: Corrections and Adjustments

Fixing records: owner names/addresses, lienholder info, VIN and vehicle description errors, engine/fuel type, plate mistakes, mixed cards/plates, and credits or fee corrections when renewals were paid on the wrong vehicle.

Chapter 23: Bonds and Certifications

When ownership is unclear or documents are missing, bonding may be required. This chapter explains surety bonds, acceptable documentation, diligent‑effort steps, alternatives for vehicles/vessels, and special situations like SPCNS and salvage.

Chapter 24: Vessels

All things boat/vessel: original and renewal registration, titling, HINs, emissions, fees, proof of ownership, special classes (commercial fishing, historical), and how to handle nonresident, salvaged, junked, or stolen vessels.

Chapter 25: Permits and Decals

Temporary and special permits/decals: CAV and ZEV parking decals, trip and one‑trip permits, commuter/nonresident permits, transporter/moving permits, disaster‑relief and school bus permits, and more—what they authorize and how to issue them.

Chapter 26: Refunds

Outlines when fees may be refunded (renewals paid twice, PNO/unused vehicles, apportioned/VLF adjustments, undelivered or stolen vehicles, out‑of‑state deliveries, and certain direct import cases) and how to request them.

Chapter 27: Information Requests

Who can request DMV information and how those requests are handled—attorneys, dealers, government and law‑enforcement, commercial requesters, lien sales, individuals, and PRA/FOIA/IPA requests.

Chapter 28: Bundle Listings

How dealers and partners prepare and submit bundles of registration applications (FO 247) and how DMV processes those transmittals.

Chapter 29: Form Specifications

What forms may be used, reproduced, or ordered in bulk, plus policy for acceptance of reproduced forms and where to find forms online.

Chapter 30: Inquiries

Reference materials and codes that support registration processing—body type codes, county codes, transaction codes, RDF/suspense reason codes, and record status messages.

Appendices

Appendix references you’ll use while calculating fees, decoding plate history, applying smog rules by ZIP, and formatting addresses for DMV records.